Multiphasic value biases in fast-paced decisions.

Perceptual decisions are biased toward higher-value options when overall gains can be improved. When stimuli demand immediate reactions, the neurophysiological decision process dynamically evolves through distinct phases of growing anticipation, detection, and discrimination, but how value biases are exerted through these phases remains unknown. Here, by parsing motor preparation dynamics in human electrophysiology, we uncovered a multiphasic pattern of countervailing biases operating in speeded decisions. Anticipatory preparation of higher-value actions began earlier, conferring a 'starting point' advantage at stimulus onset, but the delayed preparation of lower-value actions was steeper, conferring a value-opposed buildup-rate bias. This, in turn, was countered by a transient deflection toward the higher-value action evoked by stimulus detection. A neurally-constrained process model featuring anticipatory urgency, biased detection, and accumulation of growing stimulus-discriminating evidence, successfully captured both behavior and motor preparation dynamics. Thus, an intricate interplay of distinct biasing mechanisms serves to prioritise time-constrained perceptual decisions.

Prevalence and clinical-epidemiologic characteristics of a Mexican population with metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease: An open population study.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The risk factors for fatty liver disease are frequent in the Mexican population and the available studies appear to underestimate its prevalence. Our aims were to know the prevalence of metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in an open population and determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, physical activity level, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome, in the affected population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volunteers from the general public were invited to take part in the study. Three separate questionnaires were applied to 1) determine the sociodemographic characteristics and health status of the participants, 2) evaluate the quality of their diet, and 3) to evaluate their level of physical activity. The participants underwent somatometry, laboratory tests, liver ultrasound, and FIB-4 index determination, and transition elastography (FibroScan®) was carried out on all subjects with signs suggestive of liver fibrosis that agreed to undergo the procedure. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS for Windows, version 22, software. RESULTS: A total of 585 volunteers were studied, resulting in a prevalence of MAFLD of 41.3%, a predominance of men above 50 years of age, poor dietary habits, and sedentary lifestyle. Male sex, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and elevated ALT were risk factors for the disease and 40% of those affected had advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MAFLD in our population is one of the highest in the world. The conditioning factors of the disease can be modified. Therefore, public policies that redirect the current trend are required.

Colaboración IDhEA, una iniciativa para promover la innovación docente en la historia de la Enfermería / IDhEA Collaboration, an initiative to promote teaching innovation in the history of Nursing

Se presenta el proceso de trabajo realizado hasta constituir el grupo Colaboración IDhEA–Innovación Docente para una historia de la Enfermería Activa. Se presenta como una iniciativa en red promovida por un grupo de profesores y profesoras de distintas universidades comprometidos con pensamiento crítico y el aprendizaje cooperativo de la historia de la Enfermería, con interés en el desarrollo e implementación de metodologías docentes innovadoras. Se presentan objetivos y líneas de trabajo con el propósito de invitar a profesores/as interesados en formar parte y participar activamente en los proyectos que se generen (AU)

La historia de la Enfermería: retos pedagógicos actuales / Situation of Teaching Innovation of Nursing History in Spain: a descriptive study

Los últimos años, a pesar de que se ha producido un crecimiento en competencias y una mejora sustancial de la profesión enfermera como disciplina Académica, sigue siendo un colectivo con gran invisibilidad social en el que ganan terreno las actividades de carácter técnico frente a los saberes humanísticos que fundamentan mayoritariamente el rol autónomo en los cuidados [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

[Description of a series of hospital patients with a spinal fistula]. / Descripcion de una serie hospitalaria de pacientes con fistula espinal.

INTRODUCTION: Although spinal fistulas account for 70% of all spinal arteriovenous malformations, they are an underdiagnosed condition. The arteriovenous shunt produces vascular congestion that gives rise to a progressive myelopathy, sometimes irreversible if it is not treated in the early stages. AIM: To describe the clinicoradiological characteristics of a series of patients with spinal fistulas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective search was conducted for patients diagnosed with a spinal fistula who were hospitalised in the neuroscience area of a tertiary care hospital. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients (7 females and 12 males) were identified, with a mean age of 56 years. The spinal fistula was type I in 79% of patients, and a dorsal location was the most frequent. Most of the cases (90%) presented a progressive course. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in the diagnosis in 74% of the patients. In four cases angiography was required to reach a diagnosis, and in one of them it was necessary to perform an intraoperative biopsy. Three lumbar punctures were performed, two of which revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and high protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid. The average diagnostic delay was nine months. Seventy-nine per cent of the patients were treated and only 10% of them improved. CONCLUSIONS: When faced with a clinical picture suggestive of a spinal fistula, a diagnostic spinal angiography must be carried out, although the patient under study may present atypical cerebrospinal fluid characteristics and normal results in magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord.

TITLE: Descripcion de una serie hospitalaria de pacientes con fistula espinal.Introduccion. Aunque las fistulas espinales suponen el 70% de las malformaciones arteriovenosas espinales, son una entidad infradiagnosticada. El shunt arteriovenoso produce una congestion vascular que da lugar a una mielopatia progresiva, en ocasiones irreversible si no se trata de forma precoz. Objetivo. Describir las caracteristicas clinicorradiologicas de una serie de pacientes con fistula espinal. Pacientes y metodos. Se realizo una busqueda retrospectiva de pacientes con diagnostico de fistula espinal ingresados en el area de neurociencias de un hospital de tercer nivel asistencial. Resultados. Se identificaron 19 pacientes (7 mujeres y 12 varones) con una edad media de 56 años. La fistula espinal fue de tipo I en un 79% de los pacientes y la localizacion dorsal fue la mas frecuente. La mayoria de los casos presento un curso progresivo (90%). Un 74% de los pacientes se diagnostico mediante resonancia magnetica. En cuatro casos fue necesaria la realizacion de una angiografia para llegar al diagnostico, y en uno de ellos se preciso una biopsia intraoperatoria. Se realizaron tres punciones lumbares, en dos de las cuales se objetivo pleocitosis linfocitaria e hiperproteinorraquia. El retraso diagnostico medio fue de nueve meses. Se trato a un 79% de los pacientes, y de ellos solo mejoro el 10%. Conclusiones. Ante una clinica sugestiva de fistula espinal, debe realizarse una angiografia espinal diagnostica aunque el paciente estudiado pueda presentar caracteristicas licuorales atipicas y normalidad en la resonancia magnetica medular.

Características sociodemográficas de una cohorte de pacientes con migraña crónica en un área sanitaria de Asturias / Sociodemographic characteristics of a cohort of patients with chronic migraine from a health district in Asturias

Introducción: La migraña crónica (MC) con o sin abuso de fármacos es una patología frecuente en la población general. Tradicionalmente se ha asumido que presentarla conlleva un detrimento del nivel socio-laboral y educacional. Nuestro objetivo ha sido analizar descriptivamente estas características en una cohorte de pacientes con MC y compararlas con las de nuestra población. Material y métodos: Analizamos, mediante una entrevista telefónica y una encuesta diseñada ad hoc, las características sociodemográficas de 150 pacientes diagnosticados de MC en nuestra consulta de cefaleas según los criterios de la Clasificación Internacional de Cefaleas. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en la III Encuesta de Salud de Asturias llevada a cabo en el año 2012. Resultados: De los 150 pacientes, 142 (95%) eran mujeres. El 59,3% de los pacientes entrevistados estaban casados, 22% solteros, 12,6% divorciados y 6% eran viudos. Con respecto al nivel educacional encontramos que un 73% de nuestros pacientes habían cursado estudios secundarios o superiores frente a un 25% que habían cursado solo estudios primarios. Un 60% de los pacientes está activo laboralmente, mientras que el resto se encuentra inactivo. En global, estas cifras no difieren de las arrojadas por la III Encuesta de Salud de Asturias. Discusión: La idea clásica de que la MC causa un deterioro en la situación laboral, personal y educacional de los pacientes que la presentan no se confirma en nuestra serie, en la que la mayoría de pacientes con MC tienen un nivel educacional medio-alto y una buena situación socio-laboral. Es posible que estos resultados se deban a que nuestra serie comprende solo a pacientes con MC que acuden a una consulta especializada y, por tanto, no sean necesariamente aplicables al global de pacientes con MC

Introduction: Chronic migraine (CM), with or without medication overuse, is a common condition in the general population. It has traditionally been assumed that suffering CM has an impact on a patient's socio-occupational and educational level. Our goal was to analyse these characteristics in a cohort of patients with CM and compare them to the general population. Material and methods: We used a telephone interview and an ad hoc questionnaire to record and analyse the sociodemographic characteristics of 150 patients with a diagnosis of CM according to the criteria of the International Headache Classification. Results were compared to those obtained by the Third Health Survey of Asturias, conducted in 2012. Results: Of the 150 patients, 142 were women (95%). Married patients accounted for 59.3% of the total interviewees, while 22% were single, 12.6% divorced, and 6% were widowed. Regarding educational level, we found that 73% of our patients had completed secondary or higher education and 25% had completed only primary education. Sixty per cent of these patients are occupationally active, while the rest are not actively employed. Overall, these figures do not differ from those published by the Third Health Survey of Asturias. Discussion: The classic idea that CM has a negative impact on patients’ educational, personal, and occupational situations was not confirmed in our series. In fact, most patients with CM reported a medium-high educational level and a good socio-occupational status. However, since our series includes only CM patients attended in a specialist clinic, our results are not necessarily applicable to all patients with CM

Sociodemographic characteristics of a cohort of patients with chronic migraine from a health district in Asturias.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic migraine (CM), with or without medication overuse, is a common condition in the general population. It has traditionally been assumed that suffering CM has an impact on a patient's socio-occupational and educational level. Our goal was to analyse these characteristics in a cohort of patients with CM and compare them to the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a telephone interview and an ad hoc questionnaire to record and analyse the sociodemographic characteristics of 150 patients with a diagnosis of CM according to the criteria of the International Headache Classification. Results were compared to those obtained by the Third Health Survey of Asturias, conducted in 2012. RESULTS: Of the 150 patients, 142 were women (95%). Married patients accounted for 59.3% of the total interviewees, while 22% were single, 12.6% divorced, and 6% were widowed. Regarding educational level, we found that 73% of our patients had completed secondary or higher education and 25% had completed only primary education. Sixty per cent of these patients are occupationally active, while the rest are not actively employed. Overall, these figures do not differ from those published by the Third Health Survey of Asturias. DISCUSSION: The classic idea that CM has a negative impact on patients' educational, personal, and occupational situations was not confirmed in our series. In fact, most patients with CM reported a medium-high educational level and a good socio-occupational status. However, since our series includes only CM patients attended in a specialist clinic, our results are not necessarily applicable to all patients with CM.

Giant hepatic hemangioma versus conventional hepatic hemangioma: clinical findings, risk factors, and management.

BACKGROUND: Giant hepatic hemangiomas (GHHs) are those that are larger than 4 cm in size. AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe GHH clinical findings, their risk factors, diagnostic approach and management, and to compare these data with those of conventional hemangiomas. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with hemangiomas, whether by imaging studies or histopathology, at our hospital within the time frame of 1990-2008. The medical records of each patient were reviewed to obtain clinical and surgical data. RESULTS: Of the 57 patients with liver hemangioma, 41 (72%) were women and 32 (56%) had GHH. Liver hemangioma median size was 4.49 cm. In regard to the patients with GHH, 31.2% were asymptomatic and when symptoms presented, pain was the most common. Both symptoms and oral contraceptive exposure were more common in the GHH patients. Nine patients with GHH underwent surgery: 2 open biopsies due to diagnostic uncertainty, one enucleation, and 6 resections. CONCLUSIONS: GHHs are more prevalent in women and when symptomatic, pain is the most frequent complaint. Diagnosis is usually made through imaging studies, but when there is diagnostic doubt, surgical exploration is sometimes needed. Oral contraceptive use is most likely more of a risk factor for GHH than for conventional hemangioma, but this association needs to be studied further.

Insights into the history of a bacterial group II intron remnant from the genomes of the nitrogen-fixing symbionts Sinorhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium medicae.

Group II introns are self-splicing catalytic RNAs that act as mobile retroelements. In bacteria, they are thought to be tolerated to some extent because they self-splice and home preferentially to sites outside of functional genes, generally within intergenic regions or in other mobile genetic elements, by mechanisms including the divergence of DNA target specificity to prevent target site saturation. RmInt1 is a mobile group II intron that is widespread in natural populations of Sinorhizobium meliloti and was first described in the GR4 strain. Like other bacterial group II introns, RmInt1 tends to evolve toward an inactive form by fragmentation, with loss of the 3' terminus. We identified genomic evidence of a fragmented intron closely related to RmInt1 buried in the genome of the extant S. meliloti/S. medicae species. By studying this intron, we obtained evidence for the occurrence of intron insertion before the divergence of ancient rhizobial species. This fragmented group II intron has thus existed for a long time and has provided sequence variation, on which selection can act, contributing to diverse genetic rearrangements, and to generate pan-genome divergence after strain differentiation. The data presented here suggest that fragmented group II introns within intergenic regions closed to functionally important neighboring genes may have been microevolutionary forces driving adaptive evolution of these rhizobial species.

[Functional constipation: prospective study and treatment response]. / Estreñimiento funcional: estudio prospectivo y respuesta al tratamiento.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) with and without encopresis, the factors involved in its onset, and treatment response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 62 children was performed using a standard questionnaire (onset-age, regular toilet use, encopresis, complications, dietary habits and environmental and psychological factors) and physical and anthropometric assessment. FC was defined as a stool frequency of less than 3 bowel movements/week, with passage of large or scybalous stools, with or without 2 or more soiling episodes per week, without underlying disease. Treatment included demystification, behavioral modification and drugs (mineral oil and senna). Each child was periodically re-evaluated, and treatment was considered successful when the defecation rate was 3 or more bowel movements/week, discomfort was absent, and fecal soiling frequency was 2 or fewer episodes/ month. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: FC accounted for 13 % of all first consultations (60 % boys, 40 % girls; mean age at diagnosis 6.1 years). The most frequent manifestations were painful defecation (60 %), rectorrhagia (42 %), obstructive episodes (34 %) and anal fissure or hemorrhoids (17 %); 19 patients (31 %) had encopresis. Nutritional assessment revealed that 84 % of the patients was well nourished and 16 % was overweight. Fiber intake was deficient in more than 60 %. Sixteen (26 %) patients underwent successful relief of impaction with senna (20-30 mg/dose) combined with mineral oil. Maintenance treatment included mineral oil (15-30 ml/day) and senna at the minimum effective dose (5-15 mg/day). Satisfactory results were achieved 1 month later in 32 % of the children, 3-6 months later in 71 %, and 6-12 months later in 85 %; successful response was closely related to regular toilet habits, dietary modification and a shift in the family's attitude.

Estreñimiento funcional: estudio prospectivo y respuesta al tratamiento / Functional constipation: prospective study and treatment response

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia del estreñimiento funcional asociado o no a encopresis, los factores implicados en su desarrollo y la respuesta al tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 62 niños en el que se incluyó cuestionario estándar (edad de comienzo, hábito higiénico, encopresis, complicaciones, encuesta dietética y factores psicológico-ambientales) y exploraciones clínica y antropométrica. Se definió estreñimiento funcional a la frecuencia de defecación inferior a 3 veces/semana con heces voluminosas o escíbalos, acompañado o no de 2 manchados/semana, sin causa orgánica. El tratamiento incluyó desmitificación, corrección de hábitos y fármacos (lubricantes y senósidos). Se reevaluaron periódicamente considerándose respuesta positiva si la defecación fue igual a 3 veces/semana, sin molestias y menos de 2 manchados/mes. Resultados y conclusiones: El estreñimiento funcional supuso el 13 % de las primeras consultas, siendo el 60 % niños y el 40 % niñas, con edad promedio de 6,1 años. Las principales manifestaciones fueron dolor a la defecación (60 %), rectorragia (42 %), episodios obstructivos (32 %) y fisuras y/o hemorroides (18 %); en 19 casos (31 %) se asoció encopresis. El 84 % estaba normonutrido y el 16 % tenían sobrepeso, siendo la alimentación deficitaria en fibra en más del 60 %. Requirieron desimpactación 16 niños con la combinación de senósidos (20-30 mg/dosis) y aceite de parafina, con total eficacia. El tratamiento de mantenimiento incluyó lubricantes (15-30 ml/día) y senósidos en la dosis mínima eficaz (media: 5-15 mg/día). La respuesta al mes fue positiva en el 32 %, a los 3-6 meses en el 71 % y a los 6-12 meses en el 85 % y se relacionó de forma estrecha con la modificación de los hábitos higiénico-dietéticos y el cambio en la actitud familiar

Objective To assess the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) with and without encopresis, the factors involved in its onset, and treatment response. Patients and methods A prospective study of 62 children was performed using a standard questionnaire (onset-age, regular toilet use, encopresis, complications, dietary habits and environmental and psychological factors) and physical and anthropometric assessment. FC was defined as a stool frequency of less than 3 bowel movements/week, with passage of large or scybalous stools, with or without 2 or more soiling episodes per week, without underlying disease. Treatment included demystification, behavioral modification and drugs (mineral oil and senna). Each child was periodically re-evaluated, and treatment was considered successful when the defecation rate was 3 or more bowel movements/week, discomfort was absent, and fecal soiling frequency was 2 or fewer episodes/ month. Results and conclusions FC accounted for 13 % of all first consultations (60 % boys, 40 % girls; mean age at diagnosis 6.1 years). The most frequent manifestations were painful defecation (60 %), rectorrhagia (42 %), obstructive episodes (34 %) and anal fissure or hemorrhoids (17 %); 19 patients (31 %) had encopresis. Nutritional assessment revealed that 84 % of the patients was well nourished and 16 % was overweight. Fiber intake was deficient in more than 60 %. Sixteen (26 %) patients underwent successful relief of impaction with senna (20-30 mg/dose) combined with mineral oil. Maintenance treatment included mineral oil (15-30 ml/day) and senna at the minimum effective dose (5-15 mg/day). Satisfactory results were achieved 1 month later in 32 % of the children, 3-6 months later in 71 %, and 6-12 months later in 85 %; successful response was closely related to regular toilet habits, dietary modification and a shift in the family's attitude

[Nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Relationship with pulmonary function]. / Intervención nutricional en niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística. Relación con la función pulmonar.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of early and continuous nutritional intervention in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and its possible implication in pulmonary function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included is the follow-up of 19 patients with CF (11 female and 8 male children), from 17 months to 18 years of age, and a mean disease duration of 10 years. Genotype from 16 patients is delta F 508 (10 homozygotic, 6 heterozygotic). The following items have been performed every 2-3 months: clinical, dietary and anthropometrical assessment, classifying nutritional status (NS) by Z scores of weight/height, % of weight to height, body mass index, and Z scores of height/age. Concurrently, respiratory secretions culture and spirometry were obtained; and annually, biochemistry, hematologic and feces determinations. Nutritional intervention included: dietary recommendations, oral or invasive enteral nutrition (EN) and pharmacologic treatment with pancreatic enzymes, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and oligoelements. RESULTS AND COMMENTARIES: Most of them experienced anthropometrical improvement being significant for weight, the relationship of weight/height and the tricipital fold (p < 0.05). The Z score for height has remained steady. Sixteen patients (84%) have developed exocrine pancreatic failure, and 3 (16%) glucose intolerance. Fourteen (73%) have been colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Last mean spirometry values were: FVC (%) 85.4 +/- 18.6 and FEV1 (%) 85.9 +/- 24.1, with a significant correlation between % of weight to height and FVC (coefficient 0.552, p = 0.022) and FEV1 (coefficient 0.625, p = 0.007). Seventy nine percent have required some sort of nutritional support: 3 cases (16%) invasive EN, and the remaining oral EN. CONCLUSIONS: Without nutritional support, many patients with CF do not seem to meet their demands. EN monitoring allows for and early and effective intervention. A close correlation has been demonstrated between nutritional status and pulmonary function.

Intervención nutricional en niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística. Relación con la función pulmonar / Nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Relationship with pulmonary function

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la intervención nutricional precoz y continuada en pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística (FQ) y su posible implicación en la función pulmonar. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyen el seguimiento de 19 pacientes con FQ (11 niñas, 8 niños) de 17 meses a 18 años de edad y promedio de 10 años de enfermedad. El genotipo de 16 pacientes es delta F 508 (10 homo, 6 heterocigotos). Cada 2-3 meses se les ha realizado: valoración clínica, dietética y antropométrica clasificando el estado de nutrición (EN) según Z pesto/talla, % peso para la talla, índice de masa corporal y Z talla/edad. Coincidentemente se obtuvo cultivo de secreciones respiratorias y espirometría; y anualmente determinaciones bioquímicas, hematológicas y de heces. La intervención nutricional incluyó: recomendaciones dietéticas, nutrición enteral (NE) oral o invasiva y tratamiento farmacológico con enzimas pancreáticos, vitaminas liposolubles, minerales y oligoelementos. Resultados y comentarios: La mayoría experimentaron mejoría antropométrica resultando significativa para el peso, relación peso/talla y pliegue tricipital (p < 0,05). La puntuación Z se ha mantenido estable. Dieciséis pacientes (84%) han desarrollado insuficiencia pancreática exocrina y 3 (16%) intolerancia a la glucosa. Catorce (73%) se han colonizado por Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. Los valores promedio de la última espirometría fueron: FVC (%) 85,4 ± 18,6 y FEV1 (%) 85,9 ± 24,1 encontrándose una correlación positiva significativa entre el % del peso para la talla y FVC (coef 0,552, p = 0,022) y con FEV1 (coef. 0,625; p = 0,007). El 79% han requerido algún tipo de apoyo nutritional: 3 casos (16%) NE invasiva y el resto tratamiento con NE oral. Conclusiones: Sin soporte nutricional muchos pacientes con FQ no parecen cubrir su requerimientos. La monitorización del EN permite la actuación precoz y efectiva. Se demuestra una correlación estrecha entre el estado de nutrición y la función pulmonar (AU)

Objective: To assess the effects of early and continuous nutritional intervention in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and its possible implication in pulmonary function. Patients and methods:Included is the follow-up of 19 patients with CF (11 female and 8 male children), from 17 months to 18 years of age, and a mean disease duration of 10 years. Genotype from 16 patients is delta F 508 (10 homozygotic, 6 heterozygotic). The following items have been performed every 2-3 months: clinical, dietary and anthropometrical assessment, classifying nutritional status (NS) by Z scores of weight/height, % of weight to height, body mass index, and Z scores of height/age. Concurrently, respiratory secretions culture and spirometry were obtained; and annually, biochemistry, hematologic and feces determinations. Nutritional intervention included: dietary recommendations, oral or invasive enteral nutrition (EN) and pharmacologic treatment with pancreatic enzymes, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and oligoelements. Results and commentaries: Most of them experienced anthropometrical improvement being significant for weight, the relationship of weight/height and the tricipital fold (p < 0.05). The Z score for height has remained steady. Sixteen patients (84%) have developed exocrine pancreatic failure, and 3 (16%) glucose intolerance. Fourteen (73%) have been colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Last mean spirometry values were: FVC (%) 85.4 ± 18.6 and FEV1 (%) 85.9 ± 24.1, with a significant correlation between % of weight to height and FVC (coefficient 0.552, p = 0.022) and FEV1 (coefficient 0.625, p = 0.007). Seventy nine percent have required some sort of nutritional support: 3 cases (16%) invasive EN, and the remaining oral EN. Conclusions: Without nutritional support, many patients with CF do not seem to meet their demands. EN monitoring allows for and early and effective intervention. A close correlation has been demonstrated between nutritional status and pulmonary function (AU)

Teratoma ovárico gigante: un hallazgo casual / Giant ovarian teratoma: An incidental finding

No disponible

[Pharmacy attention to prescriptions in order to bring practice into line with scientific evidence]. / Asistencia farmacéutica a la prescripción para aproximar la práctica clínica a la evidencia científica.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the usefulness of a programme of attention to pharmaceutical prescriptions (APP) so as to detect medicine-related problems. DESIGN: A descriptive study of the findings after six months operation of this programme. SETTING: Five primary care centres in the Bahía-Cádiz Area. PATIENTS: All the patients (499) who requested advice on their drug therapy and were included at the request and on the criterion of their doctor were studied. INTERVENTION: We introduced the APP programme for chronic patients, with two basic aims: Care: to detect medicine-related problems and propose individual solutions. Teaching: to bring drug-therapy skills used in clinical practice into line with the scientific evidence available. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We focused on the detection of problems related to the most common medicines, with direct and relevant incidence on morbidity and mortality. We detected 236 cases (47%) of possible therapeutic improvement that had important implications for associated morbidity, of which 114 (23%) also had implications for mortality. 56% of the patients took more than 4 medicines, multiple medication that could easily be reduced in 43.5% of cases, so avoiding the use of medicines of low intrinsic value. CONCLUSIONS: The programme was very useful, as numerous very clinically relevant problems were detected and information was gained that the doctor can use to bring drug therapy into line with the available scientific evidence.

Asistencia farmacéutica a la prescripción para aproximar la práctica clínica a la evidencia científica / Attention to pharmaceutical prescriptions to bring clinical practice into line with scientific evidence

Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar la utilidad de un programa de asistencia farmacéutica a la prescripción (AFP) en cuanto a la detección de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos. Diseño. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo de los hallazgos de este programa al cabo de 6 meses de rodaje. Emplazamiento. El trabajo fue realizado en 5 centros del Distrito Bahía-Cádiz de Atención Primaria. Pacientes. Se estudian todos los pacientes (499) incluidos a petición y criterio de su médico, que solicita asesoramiento sobre su farmacoterapia. Intervención. Implantamos el programa de AFP en pacientes crónicos con dos finalidades básicas: 1. Asistencial: detectar problemas relacionados con medicamentos y proponer soluciones individualizadas. 2. Docente: aproximar los conocimientos en farmacoterapia aplicados en la práctica clínica a la evidencia científica disponible. Mediciones y resultados. Nos centramos en la detección de aquellos problemas relacionados con medicamentos más frecuentes, con incidencia directa y relevante sobre la morbimortalidad. Detectamos 236 casos (47 por ciento) de posible mejora terapéutica con implicaciones importantes sobre morbilidad asociada, de los cuales 114 (23 por ciento) tenían también implicaciones sobre mortalidad. Un 56 por ciento de los pacientes recibía más de 4 medicamentos, polimedicación que podía reducirse fácilmente en un 43,5 por ciento de ellos, evitando la utilización de medicamentos de valor intrínseco no elevado. Conclusiones. La utilidad del programa resulta muy elevada al detectar numerosos problemas de gran relevancia clínica y aportar información que puede ser útil al médico para aproximar la farmacoterapia a la evidencia científica disponible (AU)